The Arctic has experienced its warmest and wettest year on record, a long-running study by the leading US atmospheric agency has found, and the rapid melt of permafrost has caused rivers to turn orange from leached metals.
Climate change is affecting the northernmost part of the planet by more than double the global rate since annual tracking by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa) began 20 years ago.
The Arctic surface air temperature from October 2024 to September 2025 was the warmest since measurements began in 1900, it said, while each of the past 10 years ranked among the 10 warmest on record.
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