Malian government helicopters landed unannounced at a Barrick Mining complex on Thursday and carted away gold, escalating a dispute between the parties and highlighting challenges facing miners as African countries assert more control over their natural resources.
The trend spans west and central Africa’s “coup belt” that includes Mali, Niger and Guinea, where military regimes have seized power in recent years, as well as elected governments such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Governments have also been emboldened to act by the global race for critical minerals essential to high-tech and defence industries, as well as the transition to cleaner energy.
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